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Objective:To summarize the patient profiles and therapeutic efficacies of ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantations at 19 domestic transplant centers and provide rationales for clinical application of ABOi-KT.Methods:Clinical cases of ABO-incompatible/compatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT/ABOc-KT) from December 2006 to December 2009 were collected. Then, statistical analyses were conducted from the aspects of tissue matching, perioperative managements, complications and survival rates of renal allograft or recipients.Results:Clinical data of 342 ABOi-KT and 779 ABOc-KT indicated that (1) no inter-group differences existed in age, body mass index (BMI), donor-recipient relationship or waiting time of pre-operative dialysis; (2) ABO blood type: blood type O recipients had the longest waiting list and transplantations from blood type A to blood type O accounted for the largest proportion; (3) HLA matching: no statistical significance existed in mismatch rate or positive rate of PRA I/II between two types of surgery; (4) CD20 should be properly used on the basis of different phrases; (5) hemorrhage was a common complication during an early postoperative period and microthrombosis appeared later; (6) no difference existed in postoperative incidence of complications or survival rate of renal allograft and recipients at 1/3/5/10 years between ABOi-KT and ABOc-KT. The acute rejection rate and serum creatinine levels of ABOi-KT recipients were comparable to those of ABOc-KT recipients within 1 year.Conclusions:ABOi-KT is both safe and effective so that it may be applied at all transplant centers as needed.
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The clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and the gene mutation of 2 different phenotypes patients developed with tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency (THD) were retrospectively analyzed.Case 1 was a severe infantile parkinsonism accompanied with motor retardation, which started with psychomotor retardation without dystonia in infantile period.Clinical symptoms were fluctuating.Case 2 was a mild dopa-responsive dystonia, which started with progressive lower extremity dystonia in school age.The genetic study revealed that both patients had heterozygous mutations in tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH) gene.Case 1 was compound heterozygous mutations in the TH gene at c. 457C>T(paternal) and c. 698G>A (maternal). Case 2 was compound heterozygous mutations in the TH gene at c. 457C>T(paternal) and c. 1481C>T (maternal). Both patients dramatically improved after the treatment with Levodopa.THD should be considered in any children with or without mental retardation presenting with fluctuations symptoms or fluc-tuations dyskinesia.Genetic testing is the most important diagnostic method.
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The effects of low level laser treatment(n = 20) on the swelling,pain and the degree of mouth opening after the impacted mandibular third molar extraction were compared with those without laser treatment(n = 20). The results indicate that low level laser can reduce the inflammation of the patients.
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Objective To observe the effect of adenosine A1 receptor on pain and electroacupuncture analgesia, and to explore the action mechanism of electroacupuncture in analgesia.Method Adjuvant arthritis rats were taken as the study subjects. 24 rats were randomized into a normal group, a model group and an electroacupuncture (EA) group, 8 rats in each group. The pain threshold was evaluated by using thermal radiation method, immunohistochemical method and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were adopted to observe the expression of adenosine A1 receptor in hypothalamus and spinal cord.Result One day after modeling, the pain thresholds of right hind paw in the model group and EA group were significantly changed compared to that before modeling in the same group (P<0.01). The pain thresholds of right hind paw in the model group and EA group were significantly different from that in the normal group one day after modeling (P<0.01). 7 d after modeling, the pain threshold of right hind paw in the model group was still significantly lower than that before modeling in the same group (P<0.01), and it was significantly different from that in the normal group and EA group (P<0.01). The pain threshold was significantly enhanced in the EA group 7 d after modeling, and was significantly different from that of 1 d after modeling in the same group (P<0.01). The positive cell expression was lower in the model group and was significantly different from that in the normal group (P<0.01). The expression of adenosine A1 receptor in the EA group was markedly higher than that in the model group (P<0.01). The expression of adenosine A1 receptor in hypothalamus and spinal cord of the model group was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P<0.01). The expression of adenosine A1 receptor in hypothalamus and spinal cord of EA group was markedly higher than that of the model group (P<0.01).Conclusion EA can up-regulate the expression of adenosine A1 receptor in hypothalamus and spinal cord of adjuvant arthritis rats.
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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis manifesting subacutely with prominent aberrant movements and psychiatric symptoms,which associated with antibodies against NR1 or NR2 subunits of the NMDAR.The disease is not rare,early diagnosis and immune treatment can improve prognosis and reduce the recurrence.The epidemiology,mechanisms,clinical presentation,treatment and prognosis of the disease were reviewed in order to enhance the cognition of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of major causes for intervertebral disc degenerative diseases, and patients with IDD usually suffer from serious low back pain. The current treatments for patients with IDD only relieve the clinical symptom rather than restore biological balance of IDD, leading to inadequate and unsatisfactory results. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules, which regulate the gene expression at the post-transcription levels. Research evidences support the involvement of miRNAs in many biological processes, such as lipid metabolism, apoptosis, differentiation and organ development. Accumulating evidences indicate that the expressions of miRNAs change significantly in degenerative tissues. In addition, dysregulated miRNAs contribute to multiple pathological process of IDD, including proliferation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus and extracellular matrix components, inflammatory response and cartilage endplates degeneration. In this review article, we summarize the expression profiles and roles of miRNAs in IDD, which may provide a novel strategy of biological therapy for the disease.
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Humans , Apoptosis , Extracellular Matrix , Pathology , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Profiling , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration , Genetics , Pathology , MicroRNAs , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the influence of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells under high glu-cose concentration.Methods:MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to glucose at 5.5 mmol/L,25.5 mmol/L and 25.5 mmol/L combined with SB203580 respectively.Cell proliferation was analysed by MTT assay,calcified nodules were quantitated by Alizarin Red S stai-ning.Osteogenesis gene(OCN,Runx2)mRNA level was examined by realtime PCR.Results:High glucose decreased cell prolifera-tion(P<0.05),ALP activity(P<0.05),calcified nodule formation and osteogenesis gene expression of MC3T3-E1 cells.SB203580 reversed the down-regulation of osteogenic markers under high glucose,increased the ALP expression but decreased cell proliferation. Conclusion:SB203580 is antagonistic to P38MAPK in the regulation of preliferation and differetiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Objective To discuss the effects of electroacupuncture intervention in different acupoints of rats models with diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS).Methods The rat models were established with acute and chronic stimulation. The rats were divided into the normal control group, model group, “Taichong” (LR3) + “Zusanli” (ST36) group, and “Tianshu” (ST25) + “Zusanli” (ST36) group. Electroacupuncture was applied to bilateral corresponding acupoints for 20 minutes, every other day for 7 times. The physical signs of each rat were observed. The contents of 5-HT, NE and CGRP in the rats’ plasma were detected by sandwich ELISA. Results Compared with the normal group, the contents of 5-HT and NE in the model group were obviously higher and the content of CGRP decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of 5-HT and NE in all treatment groups were lower and the content of CGRP increased (P<0.05). There was no difference between the “Taichong” (LR3) + “Zusanli” (ST36) and “Tianshu” (ST25) + “Zusanli” (ST36) groups.Conclusion The mechanism of electroacupuncture may be realized through lowering the contents of 5-HT and NE in the model rats and increasing the content of CGRP to treat D-IBS.
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Objective: To observe the effect of balancing yin-yang needling manipulation on post-stroke upper limb spasticity and changes of electromyography (EMG) after treatment. Methods: A total of 60 eligible cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 30 in each group. Based on routine medication, cases in the control group were treated with conventional needling manipulation, whereas cases in the observation group were treated with balancing yin-yang manipulation. After the courses of treatment were completed, the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated using modified Ashworth scale and clinical spasticity index (CSI), coupled with the integrated electromyography (IEMG) and root mean square (RMS) value of biceps in passive flexion of the elbow joint during isokinetic testing recorded with the surface EMG. Results: The total effective rate in the observation group was 86.7%, versus 53.3% in the control group, showing a statistical significance (P Conclusion:Balancing yin-yang and conventional needling manipulations can both improve upper limb spasm and reduce CSI as well as IEMG and RMS values in stroke patients;however, balancing yin-yang manipulation is better than conventional manipulation in clinical effect.
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Aim To investigate the preventive effect of Guizhi decoction on cardiac sympathetic sprouting induced by 4-Methylcatechol (4-MC) . Methods The rat models of cardiac sympathetic sprouting were in-duced by 10 mg · L-1 4-MC ( 10μg · kg-1 body weight, i. p. ) . Guizhi decoctions ( with different pro-portion between Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Paeon-iae Alba, 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 2 : 1) and metoprolol were administered to the rats. Heart rate and electrocardio-gram ( ECG ) were observed, the content of norepi-nephrine (NE), growth associated protein (GAP-43), tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) and acetylcholine transfer-ase enzyme ( CHAT) in myocardial homogenate of left ventricular and right atrial were determined by ELISA method, and immunofluorescence assay was used to observe cardiac nerve sprouting and sympathetic distri-bution. Results 4-MC caused cardiac sympathetic sprouting and parasympathetic was not influenced. Heart rate of the model group was improved significant-ly and higher than that of the other groups . Compared with the model group, the content of NE, GAP-43 and TH in left ventricle and right atrium of the metoprolol group and Guizhi decoction group were decreased( P<0.05 ) , and the immunofluorescence result showed that the distribution of TH positive nerve was reduced sig-nificantly(P<0.05). It was demonstrated that Guizhi decoction of the proportion between Ramulus Cinnamo-mi and Radix Paeoniae Alba 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 had the best efficacy, which was similar to the efficacy of meto-prolol. Conclusion Guizhi decoction ( with the pro-portion between Ramulus Cinnamomi and Radix Paeon-iae Alba 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 ) effectively inhibits the cardi-ac sympathetic sprouting induced by 4-MC.
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Aim To explore the effect of microRNAs on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the expression of adipo-related gene-fatty acid binding protein during the adipocyte differentiation.Methods adipo-related microRNAs during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation were screened and identified by micorRNA microarray.Constructed high-expression plasmids of the adipo-related microRNAs,were transfected into the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by lipofectamine.While the effect of adipo-related microRNAs on the course of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation was observed,the protein and mRNA expression level of fatty acid binding protein(FABP4)were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation.Results The expression profiles of microRNAs have significant changed during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation,in which 35 microRNAs among them down-relation,the most lowly expression is miR-24;17 microRNAs among them up-relation,the most highly expression is miR-21.MiR-24 significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and maturity,while miR-21 have no significant effect.MiR-24 significantly inhibited the expression of FABP4,but had no effect on the level of its mRNA;miR-21 had no effect on the expression of protein and mRNA of FABP4.Conclusion There exist adipogenic-related microRNAs during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation; miR-24 play an important role in the regulation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation into adipocyte and the(FABP4)protein expression.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) gene (E375A, C406R, Q576R) and childhood asthma in Harbin. Methods Ninety-one (91) children with asthma were included, and 42 healthy children were enrolled as control. The genotype polymorphisms of IL-4R were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results There was no significant difference in the distributions of the genotypes at both 1 124 A/C polymorphic sites (i.e. E375A polymorphism) and 1 902 A/G polymorphic site (i.e. Q576R polymorphism) in IL-4R between asthmatic group and control group (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the distributions of the genotypes (CC, CR, RR) on 1 216 T/C polymorphic site (i.e. C406R polymorphism) in IL-4R between the two groups (P < 0.05). The R allele frequency was 22.94% in asthmatic group and 6.58% in control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05), but the allele frequencies at this site did not satisfy Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our data suggest that the E375A and Q576R polymorphisms in IL-4R is not associated with the development of asthma in children in Harbin. Further study is needed on the relationship between C406R polymorphism and asthma.
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Objective To explore the effects of music intervention on growth and development of premature infants. Methods 112 premature infants were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 56 cases in each. The control group received conventional nursing measures, and the observation group was simultaneously given music intervention besides the conventional routine nursing measures. Weight increase, hospitalization time, milk-intake volume and feeding tolerance were compared between the two groups. Results The weight increase in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. Hospitalization time and rate of feeding intolerance for the observation group was lower compared with that of the control group. The premature infants in the observation group took in more milk than those in the control group. Conclusions Music intervention can elevate feeding tolerance, facilitate nutrition and increase weight of premature infant, so it is beneficial to the growth and development of premature infant.
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OBJECTIVE:To determine the therapeutic effect of transpedicular instrumentation without fusion on patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures.METHODS:A total of 63 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures (the inclusion criteria was neurologically intact spine with a kyphotic angle >20° and/or decreased anterior vertebral body height > 50%) who were treated with transpedicular instrumentation without fusion were studied,including 40 cases treated by AF internal fixation,16 cases by Tennor screw-rod fixation system and 7 cases by Diapason screw-rod fixation.All patients underwent a radiological and clinical assessment (including the loss of kyphotic angle,decreased anterior vertebral body height,the midsagital diameter of the canal and the Low Back Outcome Score) preoperatively,postoperatively and after 24 months.The deformity of angulation was measured by Cobb angle.RESULTS:All pstients were followed for a 24 months,with average stay of 13.4 days.There were averaged 3.8 days from admitted to operation,and the internal fixation was removed within 8-12 months in 51 cases,followed a 9.4-day hospital stay.According to low back outcome score,46 patients achieved excellent,9 good,5 fair and 3 poor,with excellent and good rates of 88%.The Cobb's angle was 20.1° preoperatively,6.2° postoperatively,and 11.9° after 24 months.The average lose of anterior vertebral body height was changed from 49.1% preoperatively to 17.4% postoperatively,which was 20.4% after 24 months.The midsagittal diameters was 49.8% (n=63) preoperatively,78.1% (n=28) postoperatively,and 91.7% (n=25) after 24 months.The implant failure occurred in 5 patients.The radiographic parameters had no associativity to the outcome of LBOS.CONCLUSION:Transpedicular instrumentation without fusion is conductive to treating burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine without nerve injury.The routine posterior or posterolateral fusion is unnecessary in the operative management of these fractures.
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Objective To compare the curative effects of two different approaches in the surgical treatmentof small breast.Methods Fourty-seven patients with small breast were treated at our department.Twenty-eight sides of patients adopted an approach of prosthesis while the nineteen sides of patients were treated in the approach of autologous fat granules injection.Clinical assessment was done by analyzing operation time,blood loss volume,hospitalization duration and recent and long-term complications in breasts.All the pa-tients were followed up for thirty-two months on average.Results During follow-up period the appearance ofbreast was satisfied.Silicone gel breast prosthesis was well tolerated and the whole operation time was about (35±5 )min,the amount of blood loss was (35±5 ) mL,hospitalization duration was (2±1 ) days,during thefollow-up period prosthesis capsular contracture after hematoma occurred in one patient.The use of autolo-gous fat granules injection to breast augmentation was found limited,and the whole operate time was about (35±5 ) rain,the amount of blood loss was (15±5 ) mL,hospitalization duration was (1±1 ) days.With in-jection(2±l)times.During the follow-up period,one patient had infection,one patient liquefied fat,andone patient the induration.Conclusion Each treatment approach has its own advantages and disadvanta-ges.The approprite one should be selected according to the special situation of patients.
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Objective:To clarify the expression and significance of coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) in myocardia with dilated car- diomyopathy (DCM). Methods:Myocardium specimens derived from 20 patients with DCM underwent orthotopic cardiac transplantation and 5 nor- mal myocardium specimens were collected at autopsy from sudden deaths.In the myocardia,coxsackievirus B (CVB)and adeno- virus (ADV) genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and the expression levels of CAR mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively. Results:Viral genomes could be amplified from the myocardia of 12 DCM patients (CVB=7,ADV=5).Viral genomes failed to be detected from myocardia of 5 controls.Therefore,the present experiment had four groups:eoxsackievirus,adenovi- rus,the other and the control.There were no CAR mRNA and protein expression in the other group or normol control group. However,the expression levels of CAR mRNA and protein were remarkedly elevated in coxsackievirus and adenovirus groups, There were no differences between coxsackievirus group and adenovirus group. Conclusion:Upregulated CAR expression can increase the susceptibility of CVB or ADV,which makes viral myoearditis pro- gressing to dilated cardiomyopathy.